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With Tambourine and Dancing
The Ottoman Dogmatism:
This who has no Sheikh to follow, his Sheikh will be “Satan”
“Sufism” was the under the Sultanic will.... And the Sultans supported its mysticism.
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The Ottoman “dervish” believed that it came to complete the spiritual aspect of Islam.
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1) Ihsanoglu, and a group of authors, The Ottoman Empire, History and Civilization, translated by: Salih Saadawi (Istanbul: IRCICA, 1999).
2) Bernard Lewis, Istanbul and the Islamic Caliphate Civilization, translated by: Sayed Radwan, 2nd Edition (Riyadh: Saudi Publishing House, 1982).
3) Khalil Inalcik, History of the Ottoman Empire (Beirut: Dar al-Madar al-Islami, 2002).
4) Donald Kotrat, The Ottoman Empire 1922-1700, translated by Ayman Al-Armanazi (Riyadh: Al-Obeikan Library, 2004).
5) Abd al-Fattah Abu Aliya, the Ottoman Empire and the Great Arab World (Riyadh: Dar Al-Marikh, 2008).
6. Muhammad Harb, Sultan Abdul Hamid II (Damascus: Dar Al-Qalam, 1990 AD).
7) Muhammad Cobrieli, “The rise of the Ottoman Empire”, translated by Ahmad Al-Saeed (Cairo: Dar Al-Kateb Al-Arabi, 1967).
8) Muhammad Nasr Muhanna, Islam in Asia since the Mongolian Invasion (Modern University Office, 1990 AD).